Technology and Teenagers Essay - 1035 Words

Everywhere you go teens seem to be glued to their phones, tablets, or computers. Technology is an addiction that does not seem to be going away any time soon. According to the Washington Post, teens can spend up to seven or more hours on their digital devices a day and the usage is still increasing. Not surprisingly enough, more than a third of all teenagers own a cellphone, ranging from a smart phone or just a plain old-school flip phone. But can spending all that time on their computers and smart devices be such a bad thing? Today’s easy access, always on world presents a wealth of opportunity for teens as students, but also challenges them to retain them essential humanity and unique personalities. The internet is home to all the known†¦show more content†¦In Lavin, Korte, Davies). The result of the study further pushes the notion of how important it is for school staff to understand the given technology so they can distribute the information effectively to their students. All the technology in the world will be ineffective if the teachers themselves are not passionate of their work. â€Å"Technology has the potential to transform the learning environment from passive to active and more subject to the control of the learner.† (qtd. In Lavin, Korte, Davies). It is unfortunate to say that everything teenagers search for online is not educational or socially acceptable for that matter. For students who do use the internet to their educational advantage, grade higher than those who abuse their privilege online. As McFarlane states, â€Å"computer use alone, without clear objectives and well-designed tasks, is of little intrinsic value† (qtd. In Lavin, Korte, Davies). McFarlane states that structure and guidance is the only way to properly utilize the technology in classrooms. Contrary to popular belief, Lowerison did not find â€Å"significant relationship between actual computer use and perceived effective computer usage on course evaluations† (qtd. In Lavin, Korte, Davies). Expectations of technology in classrooms can no longer be perceived as an exclusive feature and the effects of the technology can no longer interest them (Lavin, Korte, Davies). Burbules and Callister agree with the importance of passionate,Show MoreRelatedImpact of Technologies on Teenagers1700 Words   |  7 PagesThe Impact of Technologies on Teenagers An Assignment Submitted by Name of Student Name of Establishment Class XXXX, Section XXXX, Spring 2013 Nowadays, information technologies play a significant role in the modern world. Information technologies have a long history. Some technologies were created a few years ago, while some technologies are comparatively new. Technologies have penetrated all spheres of human activities: education, politics, trade, medicine, and this list canRead MoreThe Influence Of Technology On Teenagers1246 Words   |  5 PagesDo Technology deceives affect Teenagers? Should parents limit how much time children spend on technology devices? Technology forms the growing mind. The younger the mind, the more adaptable it is, the younger the technology, the more unproven it is. The young minds and lives will improve, society gains, and education will be changed for the better. This experiment involves children getting using technology at school and/or at home in belief that technology will improve the aspect of learning andRead MoreEffects Of Technology On Teenagers1197 Words   |  5 Pages For the majority of youth in the US, a large part of their lives is put on social media. Technology has opened up the opportunity to predators to message or persuade impressionable youth. There are countless stories on the news about teens or children that have been abducted due to adults talking to them online. Criminals can easily enter a person’s home now just by children using the computer. 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Statistics show that forty three percent of parents know what their childâ€⠄¢s password to their phone is. Family relationships are being harmed by technology, for teenagers and parents are not socializing as much as they should. In today’s society, technology is the competition for keeping strong bonds with a child andRead MoreTechnology And Teenagers : Today s World Without Technology Essay835 Words   |  4 Pages Technology and Teenagers Nowadays, technology is becoming one of the basic needs for human’s life. There is nothing being done in the world without technology, which does not use technology as an input in order to get some output/product that helps people to make life easier and simple. There may be many reasons, which leads us to use/consume technologies like social media’s, internet, and many more in order to buy and sell, to learn, to communicate, to meet with people who share and have theRead MoreTechnology Has On Teenagers Like Me864 Words   |  4 Pagesphrases to me, I’d be a millionaire. Yet, how could they not? Especially when it comes to today’s society. Technology might just be the biggest obstacle in human relationships. Using sources I found in literature and the database, I was able to compare and contrast human relationships before and after new technology was invented, use cause effect to explain the effects that technology has on teenagers like me, and analyze hu man relationships that have been affected by different media outlets. Let’s seeRead MoreThe use of technology can be harmful for teenagers1109 Words   |  5 Pages2011 The use of technology can be harmful for teenagers. In the present day teens need to use technology everyday in order to feel complete and have an exited and fulfilling life. Authors like Neil Howe (Millennials Rising, Vintage, 200) and Don Tapscott (Grown Up Digital, Mcgrawhill, 2008) have documented the use of technology in the need millennium and they’re convinced that spending too much time on the web is not a good thing for young people (Tucker 16). A lot of teenagers cant go a day withoutRead MoreThe Impact of Modern Social Networking Technologies on the Lives of Teenagers1194 Words   |  5 Pagesnetworking can be a challenge and an advantage for people of any age, this can be particularly so for teenagers. This essay will discuss the positives and negatives of modern forms of social networking in the lives of teenagers today, in comparison to the methods of social networking used in past generations. Firstly, this essay will argue that modern social networking methods can provide many benefits to teenagers today which were not available to past generations. Secondly, this essay will argue that modernRead MoreTeenagers Intertwined with Technology and Social Media Essay581 Words   |  3 Pages Technology has been involved in people’s lives forever, especially in the Millennial Generation. This generation consists of individuals born between the years of 1982-2004. The articles â€Å"The Flight From Conversation,† â€Å"Teens and Technology 2013,† and â€Å"Leading The Charge For Change† deals with teens interacting with technology today.Each article has different topics, but they connect through the over dependence of teens to technology. The Millennial Generation becomes less and less in touch with

Social and Pychological Affects on a Rookie Police Officer Free Essays

string(80) " and supervisors should be taught about the symptoms and effects of job stress\." Is police work a stressful job? Is it stressful when you are making over one hundred thousand dollars a year, as are some officers? What is the home life like of a police officer? What are the occupational and social stresses that an officer must deal with? What dangers do officers deal with every time they put on their shield? What must they give up in life, when they decide they want to cross the â€Å"blue line†? Over the next ten pages or so, I am going to tackle these areas as well as many others, while I try to portray the stresses of being a police officer. Some people may feel that even though police officers have probably the toughest job in the country, that they do not get stressed out, and it is not brought into their home life. However I personally feel, that if the job is too stressful, then the officer in question may not be able to do the job up to his or her potential. We will write a custom essay sample on Social and Pychological Affects on a Rookie Police Officer or any similar topic only for you Order Now Now, if the officer is not able to fully do the job up to his or her potential, then we as citizens are not as safe and secure as we should be. Many officers have the stress of marriage and kids, poor work hours, and poor working conditions because of the areas that they work in. They must deal with citizens who are not always up to code, when it comes to doing the right thing. Officers have to deal with being berated by people who do not necessarily view them as an authority figure. All of these extenuating circumstances can lead a person, in any occupation, to become stressed, but a police officer has to deal with this everyday. While doing the research for this paper, I was able to find a broad array of articles ranging from the divorce rates of police officers, to the suicide rate of police officers, which grew tremendously from the nineteen eighties through today. I was able to find one particular article that discussed the stresses of being undercover. I was also fortunate enough, to have spoken with my cousin’s fiance, who is also an undercover officer (although I’ll try not to divulge the specifics of his work). There were articles on how the danger of policing is increasing today to what it is like to actually be a law enforcement officer. There are people who feel that law enforcement officers are not embraced by the community, but have to admit that their task is difficult. Laurence miller said, â€Å"Police officers regularly deal with the most violent, impulsive, predatory members of society† (www. aets. org/article87. html) He also went on to discuss the stress level of their job, and how they are â€Å"more reluctant to talk to outsiders or to show weakness in front of their peers† (www. aaets. org/article87. html). Law enforcement is a difficult field to get into. You have to make many sacrifices when you join the force. There are friends that you have to give up and holidays that you will miss. You will miss nights out with friends and possibly miss your kids birthday. A lot of people leave nice office jobs with no risk or pressure, where they work in a stress free environment. They get thrown right into the fray, doing things they would have never imagined. They go out there and they protect us. They do the things we do not want to do. They keep our neighborhoods safe at night, they keep the drug dealers off the streets and they provide a sense of calming in our hearts when we see them out there doing their jobs. However, I do not think we have ever really taken a look at what goes on with them. I feel that there is a lot of stress that is put on them and I am going to prove to you, that being a police officer has a lot more stress than you could have imagined. I stated that the job is so stressful on some officers that it breaks up their families. The national divorce rate is fifty percent. However, the divorce rate for police officers is sixty to seventy five percent (Police Stress And The Effects On Family, Sgt. Corey Haines pg. 6 http://www. emich. edu/cerns/downloads/papers/PoliceStaff ) Sgt. Haines tells us that in a â€Å"twenty to twenty five year career span, it is not particularly unusual for an officer to go through six to eight marriages† (police stress and the effects on family, Sgt. Corey Haines pg. 6). Why is it that an officer’s marriage is torn apart when he is on the force? It is because of the level of stress that is brought upon this individual, and not knowing how to handle it. If an officer was trained to handle their stress more effectively, I do not feel that we would see such a drastic rate of divorce. â€Å"By managing stress more effectively officer will have the tools necessary to be better equipped in their professional and personal live† (http://www. emich. edu/cerns/downloads/papers/PoliceStaff pg. 7). Sgt. Haines once again goes on to explain that officers feel that only other officers understand their careers and problem, and that leads them into isolation from their families. He says that â€Å"Too many times officers choose to spend their off-duty time venting their frustrations with co-workers rather than spending quality time with their spouses (http://www. emich. edu/cerns/downloads/papers/PoliceStaff pg. 7). Obviously this leads to the stress not only being put onto the officer, but also onto their families. It eventually gives their family the feeling that they are being pushed away, and left out of an important part of their spouse’s life. We know that the stress of the job can lead to these high divorce rates. The question I ask you is, how do we curve these trends in the other direction? Sgt. Haines feels that â€Å"officers and supervisors should be taught about the symptoms and effects of job stress. You read "Social and Pychological Affects on a Rookie Police Officer" in category "Papers" Proactive training helps ward off stress when officers encounter it. When an officer suffers from stress, reactive counseling and training should be available† (police stress and the effects on family, Sgt. Corey Haines pg. 8). Sgt. Haines has seen that when an officer has the proper training in dealing with stress, that they are able to tackle the problem efficiently. He wrote that â€Å"programs for individuals often help reduce organizational stress. When a department provides a psychologist and a chaplain, the officers see that someone at the top does understand their problems and is trying to help. † ((http://www. emich. edu/cerns/downloads/papers/PoliceStaff pg. 8) I know that stress can not be taken out of police work, but if it is recognized by the department and dealt with in a timely manner, then I feel that it can have a lasting affect on an officer’s quality of life and career. It is also understood that the job is not creating all of the stress in an officer’s life. I understand that there are always going to be issues at home. Fighting with the wife, getting the kids through school and everything else that comes with being a husband and a father. The thing is, you have to be able to separate your social life, or the life you are used to, from your job. The second your tour starts you have to give one hundred percent of your attention to police work. If you are not giving all of your attention to your job, you are endangering yourself and the lives of everyone you are being paid to protect. Family stresses are not the only thing that a police officer has to deal with. While talking to my cousin’s fiance yesterday, and discussing with him the topic of my paper, he really opened my eyes about some things. He actually told me that when you are a civilian, you kind of just take things for granted. It is like saying â€Å"ok I can go to the bar today and watch football† and you will not have to worry about who is there. However when you are on the force, you have to realize who your friends are. You can not hang around with people who have a negative influence on your life. You constantly have to think to yourself, â€Å"What kind of impact will this have on me and my career†. Some friends that you may have known since you grew up may not be able to be a part of your life anymore. These are sacrifices that you have to make for your career, and they can cause a great amount of stress on you. Cops are different from you and I. When we see cops, we see them for the most part as authority figures. We deal with them differently, as opposed to how we would deal with someone who did not have any authority. â€Å"Some people say cops are never off-duty. Even when the officer is not working, there is a tendency to attack problems and take charge† (www. heavybadge. com/10reasons. html). Why is it, that we automatically assume since someone is a cop, that they must help? Do we not think that, â€Å"hey maybe we are putting a lot of pressure on this guy? ’ We do not realize that cops are isolated from us. â€Å"The wearing of a badge, uniform and gun makes a law officer separate from society. This segregation leads to many psychological effects which research shows can create negative personality traits† (www. heavybadge. com/10reasons. tml). We go on to learn that just wearing the badge or a gun can cause an officer to act more aggressively toward people, and these are changes that can happen to anyone wearing a badge or uniform. However â€Å"many officers suggest there is a role, or mask which they put on along with their uniform† (www. heavybadge. com/10reasons. html). What they are not telling us is, that sometimes their â€Å"role† leaks over into their personal lives and changes the course of their relationships. â€Å"Law enforcement officers work in a quasi-military, structured institution† (www. eavybadge. com/10reasons. html). Now what this particular passage is talking about is the fact that, in a military type environment, the â€Å"individual† is not of a great concern. In this instance the â€Å"individual† is the officer. In these types of environments it is the goal of the group that is paramount to success. If an officer is not performing up to standards and hinders the group performance, then they will be punished. They will â€Å"de-humanize you, to make you realize you are only a valued part of a machine† (www. heavybadge. com/10reasons. tml). How does that make an individual feel? Knowing that no matter what you do, you are not recognized as an individual, but only as a cog in a machine. The stre ss of performance can add up, knowing if you do not perform, there will be consequences. However it is not all the quasi-military style that can bring on the amounts of stress that officers deal with. What we need to realize is that â€Å"the at work world of the officers is very negative† (www. heavybadge. com/10reasons. html. An officer is constantly seeing the bad part of society. Granted you do see good things along the way. However it is the job of the police officer to find the bad, and deal with it. Is it always fun to work in Bensonhurst, Brooklyn and see these teenagers, who have their whole lives ahead of them, going down the wrong path? Is it not stressful to know that all these kids need is a little bit of education, and guidance in their lives. I feel it is more stressful on the officers in today’s world, when it seems like every time you read the newspaper, you see a random person getting hit with a stray bullet shot by a teen. These could be your kids, and you never really know what is going on when you are on the job. It is extremely stressful when you have to deal with kids, going down the wrong path constantly. Officer Dan Goldfarb gave a speech to union delegates and defined stress as â€Å"that feeling and desire along with the ensuing bodily effects, experienced by a person who has a strong and true longing to choke the living shit out of someone who desperately deserves it, but you can not† (www. heavybadge. com/efstress. html. ) What officer Goldfarb is trying to ortray in his speech is that an officer has to show a tremendous amount of restraint. He says â€Å"police work by its nature calls for an incredible amount of restraint† (www. heavybadge. com/efstress. html. ) The demand on officers to show greater restraint has grown over the years, and with that so has the stress level on the job. â€Å"Between nineteen thirty four and nineteen sixty, police suicide rates were half that o f the general population. Between nineteen eighty to the present, suicide rates in some departments have doubled. † (www. heavybadge. com/efstress. html. Why has the suicide rate jumped to this rather high figure? Well according to officer Goldfarb, it is because â€Å"you can not choke them anymore† (www. heavybadge. com/efstress. html. ) What he is portraying is that street justice is all but gone. Everyone has video cameras and the media just loves to put officers down. â€Å"Politicians continue to pander to the public with new laws and restrictions for police officers that further tie their hands† (www. heavybadge. com/efstress. html. ) Why is it that politicians are always so eager to get involved in police matters? Well for one it has to do with public appeal. If a politician is not doing anything good, and he needs to save face, what is the best way to do it? Get on top of law enforcement. There are some people who do not like law enforcement. It is like always having a way out. No matter how bad you are at your job, you can always go the route of law enforcement. However there are some politicians who use law enforcement to further their own agenda. I am not going to mention names but in my opinion the reverend Al Sharpton tends to do this a lot. Let me ask you this, do we ever really hear from good old Al? Nope, Only when there has been an altercation involving African Americans and usually the police, does Al come out of the wood works to spew his hatred of the New York Police Department to national television. If it was not for the police officers doing their jobs, then poor Mr. Sharpton would never have a reason to come out. Politicians are not the last people to stress out the police. Leah Cook, a student at San Jose State University wrote â€Å"in the media, it seemed that police officers were seldom praised, but rather criticized or harassed for overstepping civil rights boundaries†. www. focusanthro. org/essays/cook–03-04. html) She was telling us how news reports (once again the media) are quick to accuse police officers for brutality. However the â€Å"police departments have set policies and procedures to ensure officer safety, even if it means physically restraining an unruly citizen. † (www. focusanthro. org/essays/cook–03-04. html). What we need to understand is that with varying degrees of conduct, it should be understood that law enforcement will receive mixed reviews. one day officers are being publicized as heroes, like the praise they received after September eleventh, while on the next, they are portrayed as racist, brutal, and authoritarian† (www. focusanthro. org/essays/cook–03-04. html). I feel that it adds a tremendous amount of stress when you are doing a job that does not have constant public support. It adds to their stress level because there is a â€Å"negative and disrespectful image of law enforcement officers in our society† (www. focusanthro. org/ess ays/cook–03-04. html). I just do not understand why we have such a low level of respect for our police officers. Maybe it is because of the money that Nassau and Suffolk police make. Although we can not really make that argument for the New York Police Department, because as we all know they are grossly underpaid for the job that they do. A lot of times the stress of a police officer is brought upon them at the Police Academy. Leah states that â€Å"while in the academy, training officers constantly remind the recruits that they are personally liable for their actions once they are out on the field† (www. focusanthro. org/essays/cook–03-04. html) . They are told stories of how cops are sued, became alcoholics, druggies, wife beaters and even worse committed suicide† (www. focusanthro. org/essays/cook–03-04. html). The trainers are basically not selling the job well, and sending new officers out there with low morale. I think it is a good thing that the trainers are telling new recruits how it really is. However if it is going to hinder the morale of your newest office rs, then maybe there is a better way to get the message across. I do not know if I would feel comfortable in a new situation, with all that is being thrown at me, to be told of these other officers. I would personally find it extremely stressful to know that this could happen to me. It is like they are adding the first layer of stress, when there is just going to be tons more thrown at them, the second they hit the streets. Knowing what we now know, I feel I was successfully able to articulate the stresses of police work. It can be hard for some officers to be out on the street dealing with criminals every night. It is tough on your marriage, when you are working shifts that make it hard to see your family. It is stressful when your marriage falls apart. Some officers will slip into that state of alcoholism, some will become druggies. We will always have that threat of an officer committing suicide. However for the officers that are out there, who love their jobs, I think that stress is more than manageable. We have to know that we can go home at night, and speak with our spouse. Do not shut them out of your lives. Be open about the way you are feeling, and speak when you feel things are getting to be too much. Someone will always be there for you. We just need you to open the door. How to cite Social and Pychological Affects on a Rookie Police Officer, Papers

Adenosine Triphosphate and Aerobic Respiration free essay sample

Comparison chart Embed this chart Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic Respiration DefinitionAerobic respiration uses oxygen. Anaerobic respiration is respiration without oxygen; the process uses a respiratory electron transport chain but does not use oxygen as the electron acceptors. Cells that use itAerobic respiration occurs in most cells. Anaerobic respiration occurs in bacteria, yeasts, some prokaryotes, erythrocytes (red blood cells), and in muscle cells. Production of lactic acidDoes not produce lactic acidProduces lactic acid (in lactic acid fermentation but not in alcoholic fermentation) Amount of energy releasedHigh (36-38 ATP molecules)Low (2 ATP molecules) ProductsCarbon dioxide, water, ATPLactic Acid Fermentation lactic acid, ATP Alcoholic Fermentation ethyl alcohol, ATP, carbon dioxide Reactantsglucose, oxygenglucose Site of reactionsCytoplasm and mitochondriaCytoplasm StagesGlycolysis, Krebs cycle, Electron Transport ChainGlycolysis, Fermentation combustioncompleteincomplete Contents: Aerobic vs Anaerobic Respiration The process of aerobic vs anaerobic respiration 1. 1 Fermentation in anaerobic respiration 1. 2 Krebs cycle in aerobic respiration 2 Energy efficiency of aerobic vs anaerobic respiration 3 Video comparing Aerobic Respiration vs Anaerobic Respiration 4 References The process of aerobic vs anaerobic respiration The sugar molecules stored in the food are broken apart through enzyme-mediated reactions and the energy released is absorbed by cells. We will write a custom essay sample on Adenosine Triphosphate and Aerobic Respiration or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This process is much more effective in the presence of oxygen through aerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration requires oxygen in order to generate energy (ATP). It is the preferred method of pyruvate breakdown from glycolysis and requires that pyruvate enter the mitochondrion in order to be fully oxidized by the Krebs cycle. The product of this process is energy in the form of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate), by substrate-level phosphorylation, NADH and FADH2. Anaerobic and aerobic respiration share the initial pathway of glycolysis but aerobic metabolism continues with the Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation. The post glycolytic reactions take place in the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells, and in the cytoplasm in prokaryotic cells. Fermentation in anaerobic respiration Without oxygen, pyruvate is not metabolized by cellular respiration but undergoes a process of fermentation. The pyruvate is not transported into the mitochondrion, but remains in the cytoplasm, where it is converted to waste products that may be removed from the cell. This serves the purpose of oxidizing the hydrogen carriers so that they can perform glycolysis again and removing the excess pyruvate. This waste product varies depending on the organism. In skeletal muscles, the waste product is lactic acid. This type of fermentation is called lactic acid fermentation. In yeast, the waste products are ethanol and carbon dioxide. This type of fermentation is known as alcoholic or ethanol fermentation. The ATP generated in this process is made by substrate phosphorylation, which is phosphorylation that does not involve oxygen. Krebs cycle in aerobic respiration The Krebs cycle (also known as the citric acid cycle, or the tricarboxylic acid cycle) is a series of enzyme-catalysed chemical reactions, which is of central importance in aerobic respiration. the citric acid cycle is part of a metabolic pathway involved in the chemical conversion of carbohydrates, fats and proteins into carbon dioxide and water to generate a form of usable energy. Other relevant reactions in the pathway include those in glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation before the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation after it. Therefore, carbohydrates break into sugar and then into ATP. The overall process of aerobic respiration can be understood by the following reaction. C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O ——gt; 6CO2 + 12H2O + energy. Energy efficiency of aerobic vs anaerobic respiration Aerobic metabolism is 19 times more efficient than anaerobic metabolism (which yields 2 mol ATP per 1 mol glucose). Anaerobic respiration is less efficient at using the energy from glucose since 2 ATP are produced during anaerobic respiration per glucose, compared to the 38 ATP per glucose produced by aerobic respiration. This is because the waste products of anaerobic respiration still contain plenty of energy. Ethanol, for example, can be used in gasoline (petrol) solutions. Glycolytic ATP, however, is created more quickly. For prokaryotes to continue a rapid growth rate when they are shifted from an aerobic environment to an anaerobic environment, they must increase the rate of the glycolytic reactions. Thus, during short bursts of strenuous activity, muscle cells use anaerobic respiration to supplement the ATP production from the slower aerobic respiration, so anaerobic respiration may be used by a cell even before the oxygen levels are depleted, as is the case in sports that do not require athletes to pace themselves, such as sprinting.

Review Questions Solutions Essay Example

Review Questions Solutions Paper Structuring and refining the requirements are completed independent from the users, although you may need to occasionally contact users to clarify some issue overlooked during analysis. Finally, you ask users to review and evaluate the prototype. After reviewing the prototype, users may accept the design or request that changes be made. If changes are needed, you will repeat the construction-evaluate-refinement cycle until the design is accepted. Usually, several iterations of this cycle occur during the design of a single form or report. The major deliverables produced from the process of signing forms and reports are the creation of design specifications. A design specification includes a narrative overview, a sample design, and a testing and usability assessment section. Some specification intimation may be irrelevant when designing some forms and reports. For example, the design off simple ;yes/No selection form may be so straightforward that no usability assessment would be needed. Also, much of the narrative overview may be unneeded, unless it avgas used to highlight some exception that must be considered during implementation 2. To which initial questions must the analyst gain answers to in order to build an initial prototype of a system output? The initial questions are listed in Table 8-1; these questions include: (I) who will use this form or report; (2) what is the purpose of the form or report; (3) when is the form or report needed and used; (4) where does the form or report need to be delivered and used; and (5) how many people need to use or view the form or report? 3. How should textual information be formatted on a help screen? The guidelines for formatting a help screen are based on the general guidelines for formatting text. We will write a custom essay sample on Review Questions Solutions specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Review Questions Solutions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Review Questions Solutions specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The general guidelines for formatting text are presented in Table 8-4; these guidelines govern case, spacing, justification, hyphenation, and abbreviations. 4. What type of labeling can you use in a table or list to improve its usability? The following labeling guidelines can improve the usability of a table or list: (1) all columns and rows should have meaningful labels; (2) labels should he separated from other information by using highlighting: and (3) redisplay labels when the data extends beyond a single screen or page, S. What column, row, and text formatting issues are important when designing tables and lists? The guidelines for formatting columns, rows, and text in a table or list include: (l) sorting in a meaningful order (e. G. , ascending, descending, or alphabetic); (2) placing a blank line between every five rows in long columns; (3) sorting vertically similar information displayed in multiple columns (that is, read from top to bottom, not left to right); (4) placing at least two spaces between columns; (5) allowing white space on printed reports for the user to write notes; (6) using a single typeface, except for emphasis; (7) using the same family of typefaces within and cross displays and reports; and (8) avoiding overly fancy fonts. Describe how numeric, textual, and alphanumeric data should be formatted in a table or list. The guidelines for formatting numeric, textual, and alphanumeric data in a table or list include: (1) right justifying numeric data and aligning columns by decimal points or some other delimiter; (2) left justifying textual data and using a short line length, usually 30-?40 characters per line (this is what newspapers use, and it is easier to speed read); and (3) breaking long sequences of alphanumeric data onto small groups of three to four characters each. 7. Provide some examples where variations in user, task, system, and environmental characteristics might impact the design of system forms and reports. User-related concerns include experience, skills, motivation, education, and personality. Task-related concerns include time pressure, cost of errors, and work duration, The system platform is a system-related concern, and lighting, sound, and task interruptions are environment-related concerns, 8. Describe the process of designing interfaces and dialogues. What deliverables are produced from this process? Are these deliverables the same for all types of system projects? Why or why not? The design process is a user-focused activity that typically follows a prototyping approach. First, you must gain an understanding of the intended user and task objectives by collecting initial requirements during requirements determination. After collecting the initial requirements, you Structure and refine this information into an initial prototype. Structuring and refining the requirements are completed independent from the users, although you may need to occasionally intact users to clarify some issue overlooked during analysis. Finally, you ask users to review and evaluate the prototype. After reviewing the prototype, users either accept the design or request changes. If changes are needed, single interface or dialogue. Design specifications are the primary deliverables; these documents include a narrative overview, sample design, testing and usability assessment, and dialogue sequence outline. 9. List and describe the functional capabilities needed in an interface for effective entry and navigation, Which capabilities are most important? Why? Will this be the same for all systems? Why or why not? The functional capabilities include cursor control capabilities, editing capabilities, exit capabilities, and help capabilities: Table 8- 6 summarizes these capabilities, When designing the navigation procedures within your system, flexibility and consistency are primary concerns. Users should be able to freely move forward and backward or to any desired data entry fields. Consistency extends to the selection of keys and commands. Each key or command should have only one function, and this function should be consistent wrought the entire system and across systems if possible. The most important capabilities will vary from system to system. For a given system, consistency is the most important capability. System capabilities will, unfortunately, vary from system to eastern II_Describe the general guidelines for structuring data-entry fields. Can you think of any instances when it would be appropriate to violate these guidelines? Table 8-?7 summarizes the guidelines for structuring data entry fields. Some of the design guidelines may be violated in certain circumstances. Gore example, a help system might be omitted from a very impel system or a system designed to be used by a single user or small group. II. Describe four types Of data errors. Sources of data errors include appending, truncating, transcription, and transposing. Appending adds additional characters to a field; truncating loses characters from a field; transcription errors enter invalid data into a field; transposing reverses the sequence of one or more characters in a field. Describe the types of system feedback. Is any form of feedback more important than the others? Why or why not? Three types of system feedback are issued in the chapter; these include status information, prompting cues, and error or warning messages. No single method can be deemed most important because each is critical to an effective design. 13,Describe the general guidelines tort designing usable help. Can you think of any instances when it would be appropriate to violate these guidelines? Table 8-12 presents the general guidelines for designing usable help. Some of the design guidelines may be violated in certain circumstances. For example, a help system might be omitted from a very simple system or a system designed to be used by a single user or mall group. 14 What steps do you need to follow when designing a dialogue? Of the guidelines for designing a dialogue, which is most important? Why? The three major steps in dialogue design are: (I) design the dialogue sequence; (2) build a prototype; and (3) assess usability. A case could be made for the importance Of all steps. Yet, designing the dialogue (With the input Of the user) is likely the most important step because this is where you collect and structure the users requirements. 15. Describe What is meant by a cookie crumb. HOW do these help prevent users from getting lost? A cookie crumb is a technique for showing users where they are in a Web site: a series of tabs are placed on a Web page showing the users where they are and where they have been. By showing users where they are in a Web site, cookie crumbs keep users from getting lost; users can just click on a hyperlink to return home. 16,Describe why you might want to use lightweight graphics on some Web pages and large detailed graphics on others, Often users do not want to wait for large, color images to download, especially if they have a slow modem. If the time is excessive, the users will often leave the site, Lightweight graphics download much faster and give the user a thumbnail sketch to the product.

Position of the Christian Church on Homosexuality

Position of the Christian Church on Homosexuality Abstract The society we live in today places great importance on sex and sexual conduct. Unlike in the past when matters of sexual orientation were left in secret, the situation has changed and these matters have now been bared open to the public.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Position of the Christian Church on Homosexuality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the past, there was a general accepted code of conduct and failure to adhere to that code was treated with disdain. However, this has changed and many sexual behaviors, which were frowned upon in the past are accepted and encouraged. From a young age, individuals are encouraged to conduct their lives in a manner that best suits them. This ambiance of acceptance and certification is best seen where homosexuality is present. Despite the acceptance of homosexuality as a way of life in America, some religions such as the Catholic Church have continued t o oppose the introduction of homosexuality within the church and even go to the extent excommunicating those who are viewed as tolerant towards this behavior. This research paper seeks to provide evidence that disapproves the Catholic reasons for barring gay people from practicing religion. The aim of the paper is to prove that the church in general does not have any reason to bar homosexuals from the church since no relevant scriptures oppose the practice. Introduction The society we live in today places great importance on sex and sexual conduct. Unlike in the past when matters of sexual orientation were left in secret, the situation has changed and these matters have now been bared open to the public. In the past, there was a general accepted code of conduct and failure to adhere to that code was treated with disdain. However, this has changed and many sexual behaviors, which were frowned upon in the past are accepted and encouraged. From a young age, individuals are encouraged t o conduct their lives in a manner that best suits them. This ambiance of acceptance and certification is best seen where homosexuality is present. Despite the acceptance of homosexuality as a way of life in America, some religions such as the Catholic Church have continued to oppose the introduction of homosexuality within the church and even go to the extent excommunicating those who are viewed as tolerant towards this behavior.Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This research paper seeks to provide evidence that disapproves the Catholic reasons for barring gay people from practicing religion. The aim of the paper is to prove that the church in general does not have any reason to bar homosexuals from the church since no relevant scriptures oppose the practice. (Coleman 100) The homosexual conclaves now active in almost every main American religion have forced the church to face the topic of homosexuality in a more open manner and with more sensitivity than it have yet done. Despite this valid and fitting demand on the church to reexamine its stand, there are other reasons that compel the church to rethink its religious studies and performance. To begin with, homosexual Christians are members of the larger Christian family earnestly looking for acknowledgment from the church without being judged based on their sexual orientation visvis to which they have no choice. Additionally, even though anti-homosexual prejudice has been present in the society, the church must realize the part it has played in propagating the stigma toward gays. It is important for the church to remember that they have the task of ensuring social justice and despite this mandate gay people continue to be denied employment, housing among other civil liberties all because of their sexual affiliation. (Nelson) The church is supposed to carry out its ongoing theological and moral work in a responsible manner. It is important to note that fresh insights continue to be revealed every day as Christians advance on their theological work. This should be a clear pointer that there is the possibility of new doctrines rising up with the progression of time. By accepting homosexuals as a part of the Christian family, the church will be enabling gays to love themselves something that will in turn boost their self-esteem and better their relationship with their fellow human beings. The Catholic Church has continued to disregard these basic truths something that has in turn led to rebellion within the church. (Siker 8)Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Position of the Christian Church on Homosexuality specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More By closely examining the points propagated by the church to deny homosexuals their rights to practice religion, one is able to realize that the problem ema nates from the interpretive principles employed. Indeed, Jesus Christ is the holder of God’s summon to individual completeness and is the central point of God’s improving accomplishment. This automatically makes Jesus Christ the standard through which people must receive judgment. When interpreting the bible, it is important for the church to take in to consideration the historical context of when the bible was written and the existing civilizing situation. Additionally, the bible should be studied with an awareness of the civilizing relativity through which we identify and understand the Christian way of life. Most importantly, the church must be open to new interpretations of God’s truth that might be revealed through other regulations of human being inquisition. (Nelson) By reading the entire bible, one realizes that no single verse mentions homosexuality as being a sexual orientation. In reality, what the bible refers to are definite types of homosexual acti ons. The doctrine that classifies homosexuality as a physic orientation is somewhat recent. In all the instances that the bible mentioned homosexuality, it did so in reference to individuals who were regarded as heterosexually represented. According to Catholicism, the Onan story (Genesis 38:8-10) is a clear pointer that God intended that people should enter into relationships leading to procreation. While the story in its entirety does not involve homosexual behavior, it gives us important pointers as to the reasons for its primeval condemnation. In the story, Onan had refused to impregnate the wife of his late brother by withdrawing before ejaculation. Moses interpreted this refusal as serious violation of divine laws and for this reason, the Jewish God struck down Onan. (McGinley 133) Although this story might be seen to justify the church stand, it can be interpreted to mean different things. To begin with, the story is used to represent the strong theme of procreation that is u sed throughout the Hebrew understanding of reproduction. The awareness created by this story that the survival of a small clan depended mostly on abundant reproduction makes us to understand this story in a better manner.Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Yet, the earths overcrowded state places the universe in a different light and should compel the church to rethink its position on procreation. Additionally, this story is based upon a biological misinterpretation that is present in the entire bible. At that time, scientists believed that the semen contained the entirety of nascent life. Since there was limited knowledge on the women reproduction system, it was believed that women only acted as a space for carrying through life. Therefore, the act of Onan deliberately spilling the seed was construed as malevolent destruction of life. When the same acts occurred during masturbation or homosexuality, the resultant punishment was equivalent to that of murder. The Onan story can also be understood in the Judeo-Christian tradition that failed to condemn the same acts if they were associated with the opposite gender. (McGinley 135) Perhaps to understand the Catholicism claim better, it would help to look at the story of Sodom and Gomorrah . (Genesis 19:1-29) According to Catholics and other sections of the church, this story explains clearly that God is opposed to homosexual activities. Although the dwellers of Sodom displayed a contemptible form of sexual depravity, their actions cannot be said to have been of homosexual nature. Throughout this passage, there is no point where the bible disproves affectionate, devoted, monogamous gay interactions. The bible is categorical in the passage that the people living in this period were guilty of homosexual rape, domineering desire and sexual exploitation. On top of these, the people had also breached the traditional Hebrew generosity customs and constant violation of basic social justice. (Siker 12) The fact that aloofness and unfairness are the primary sins of Sodom and Gomorrah is evident if the parallel Old Testament scriptures are anything to go by. This is clearly demonstrated in Ezekiel 16:49-50: â€Å"Behold, this was the iniquity of your sister Sodom, pride, fulln ess of bread, and abundance of idleness was in her and in her daughters, neither did she strengthen the hand of the poor and needy. And they were haughty, and committed abomination before me: therefore I took them away as I saw good.† In fact, Ezekiel says in the following verse that compared to Samaria, Sodom and Gomorrah were honorable. (New Revised Standard Version) Some bible commentaries have claimed that the men of Sodom lusted after Lot’s guests because they were angelic beings and not ordinary men. The basis of the Genesis story reflects the emphasis placed on hospitality in Middle Eastern traditions. According to the passage, hospitality was so important such that Lot was willing to present his virgin daughters to be raped than let this happen to men he did not even know but whom he felt compelled to look after. This dispels the notion propagated by the Catholic Church that God destroyed Sodom and Gomorrah because of their homosexual deeds. Additionally, the th eory that connects sodomy with homosexuality is unbiblical in its nature. Although practicing sodomy is condemned in several passages in the bible, it is not for the reason that it involved sex between men but because the participants were worshiping foreign Canaanite gods. The point where the church uses these scriptures to condemn homosexuality is therefore unfounded. (Coleman 106) Indeed, the story of Sodom and Gomorrah is not used to censure just the same way that 2 Samuel 13 is not used to denounce heterosexuality. It is sad to note that the Catholic Church has capitalized on a scripture that addresses inhospitality and injustice to vilify homosexuals. Throughout the Old Testament, the bible contains numerous passages that criticize homosexuality and rape. However, all these verses address cultic defilement, which was prevalent in Canaan. In history, Canaanite fertility worship involving the things condemned in the passages talking about homosexuality was prevalent and this was viewed as a threat to Jehovah’s exclusive reign. Jehovah was the God who allowed people the freedom to choose what they wanted and this was not accomplished through cycles of genetic life. Sexuality was therefore perceived to be a part of human life that was supposed to be used in a responsible manner as a sign of appreciation to its maker. The passages that talk about this mystery are often misinterpreted and used to degrade gay people. (Nelson) Apart from this explanation, it was common in the Middle East to subject incarcerated male enemies to anal degradation. This was used as a sign of dominance and contempt. As far as homosexuality was understood to articulate such hatred and scorn in a society that placed high emphasis on the male race, such an activity was bound to receive such criticism. In Jesus ministry, there is no available record where he spoke anything about homosexuality. In the New Testament, Paul gave the only passages that speak about the practice. In one of the passages that is widely quoted in Romans 1:26-27, Paul was expressing his concern on idolatry, which had become prevalent in the first church. Being concerned about the negative persuasion that paganism had on the Roman Church, Paul perceives gay relationships as a form of homosexuality but is not categorical on whether the practice brings God’s anger. (Johns) Like in the story of Sodom and Gomorrah, Paul is concerned with homosexual lust and this is not an account of loving homosexual relationships. In Romans 1:27, Paul is clearly talking about homosexual relationships by men who had â€Å"left the natural use of women and burned in their desire for one another.† (New Revised Standard Version) Generally, these people had left their natural sexual orientation for the sake of exploring sexual exploits something that the bible has repeatedly warned us not to practice. It is therefore impossible to understand Paul’s warning as directed to people in loving ho mosexual relationships and are oriented in this manner. By barring homosexuals from religious activities on the accusation of going against the natural law is obviously something that is unbiblical and one that should be done away with. (Johns) The Catholic Church and the Christian churches in general are treading on shaky ground as far as recognizing the rights of gay people are concerned. Given the overwhelming evidence by bible scholars, which show that the bible does not out rightly object to gay relationships, it is time that the church softened its stand in the matter. It is sad to note that people are being locked out of ministry and even out of church doors based on their sexual orientation. The bible speaks against many things but sadly, church leaders have embraced some, which support their own selfish ambitions. Although the bible does not address slavery, the Catholic Church has rejected it since it views it to be against the bible teachings on love, justice and human di gnity. In the same way, the church should accept gay people as equal partners in any relationship. It is sad to note that in their desire to play it safe, churches lock people outside churches and ban them from practicing religion based on their sexual orientation. What is even sadder is that churches are doing this despite there being no clear restrictions on homosexuals within the church. From the look of things, it may take a long time for the complexities of ecclesiastical implications to be resolved. Many gay Christians have become tired of waiting for these complexities to be resolved and they have decided to come out of the closet. This should serve as a wake up call for churches that are yet to come to an agreement on the matter to speed things to ensure that gay Christians are accorded their right to practice religion. (Johns) Conclusion Unlike in the past when sexual matters were discussed in private, things have changed and people are beginning to appreciate their sexual orientation. Despite the awakening experienced within the church in the last few years, the Catholic Church is yet to accept gay Christians in their congregations. In trying to justify their actions, the church has come up with flimsy reasons that seek to justify their position. It is sad to note that the passages of scripture that the church quotes as a basis for their actions is usually quoted out of context. This has blocked many deserving Christians from holding positions within the church. From the look of things, the ecclesiastical implications concerning gay relationships are complex and might take a long time to resolve. Gay people have obviously got tired of standing in the sidelines and they have adopted a confrontational mode with churches that are yet to recognize their rights. Coleman, Peter. Christian attitudes to homosexuality, 1980. SPCK, 100-122. Print. Johns, Loren. Homosexuality and the Bible: A Case Study in the Use of the Bible for Ethics, 2009. Web. https://ww w.ambs.edu/ McGinley, Dugan. Acts of Faith, Acts of Love: Gay Catholic Autobiographies as Sacred Texts, 2006. Continuum International Publishing Group, 133-145. Print. Nelson, James. Homosexuality and the Church, 1977. Web. religion-online.org/article/homosexuality-and-the-church/ New Revised Standard Version. Trans. Bruce M. Metzger. New York: Zondervan, 1983. Print. Siker, Jeffrey. Homosexuality in the Church: Both Sides of the Debate, 1994. Westminster John Knox Press, 1-100. Print.

The Cell - Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

The Cell - Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells What Are Cells? Life is both wonderful and majestic. Yet for all of its majesty, all organisms are composed of the fundamental unit of life, the cell. The cell is the simplest unit of matter that is alive. From the unicellular bacteria to multicellular animals, the cell is one of the basic organizational principles of biology. Lets look at some of the components of this basic organizer of living organisms. Eukaryotic Cells and Prokaryotic Cells There are two primary types of cells: eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells are called so because they have a true nucleus. The nucleus, which houses DNA, is contained within a membrane and separated from other cellular structures. Prokaryotic cells, however, have no true nucleus. DNA in a prokaryotic cell is not separated from the rest of the cell but coiled up in a region called the nucleoid. Classification As organized in the Three Domain System, prokaryotes include archaeans and bacteria. Eukaryotes include animals, plants, fungi and protists (ex. algae). Typically, eukaryotic cells are more complex and much larger than prokaryotic cells. On average, prokaryotic cells are about 10 times smaller in diameter than eukaryotic cells. Cell Reproduction Eukaryotes grow and reproduce through a process called mitosis. In organisms that also reproduce sexually, the reproductive cells are produced by a type of cell division called meiosis. Most prokaryotes reproduce asexually and some through a process called binary fission. During binary fission, the single DNA molecule replicates and the original cell is divided into two identical daughter cells. Some eukaryotic organisms also reproduce asexually through processes such as budding, regeneration, and parthenogenesis. Cellular Respiration Both eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms get the energy they need to grow and maintain normal cellular function through cellular respiration. Cellular respiration has three main stages: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and electron transport. In eukaryotes, most cellular respiration reactions take place within the mitochondria. In prokaryotes, they occur in the cytoplasm and/or within the cell membrane. Comparing Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cells There are also many distinctions between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell structures. The following table compares the cell organelles and structures found in a typical prokaryotic cell to those found in a typical animal eukaryotic cell. Cell Structure Prokaryotic Cell Typical Animal Eukaryotic Cell Cell Membrane Yes Yes Cell Wall Yes No Centrioles No Yes Chromosomes One long DNA strand Many Cilia or Flagella Yes, simple Yes, complex Endoplasmic Reticulum No Yes (some exceptions) Golgi Complex No Yes Lysosomes No Common Mitochondria No Yes Nucleus No Yes Peroxisomes No Common Ribosomes Yes Yes Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Cell Structures

Leadership Experience Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Leadership Experience - Essay Example The team managed the lowest price and finished the task within the three minutes. This paper seeks to describe the activity, what was learnt, and the solutions provided with a focus on communication, team dynamics, influencing other team members, sharing information, agreeing on tasks and objectives. 1. Leadership, strategy and upward communication Strategic leadership can be defined as the ability to maintain flexibility, anticipate, and empower the other team members to form necessary strategic change. It involves coping with increasing changes, management of an entire team rather than functional subunits, and management of activities through the other team members. As a team leader, I had to affect the behavior of the other team members in environments that were sometimes uncertain via personal example and ability to envision the requirements for the next stage in the task (Yukl, 2010 p34). It is not feasible to formulate strategies which will give returns without strategic leader s. Therefore, it is necessary that as, a team leader, I had the ability to be a strategic leader to avoid over managing and poorly leading the team. Effective, strategic leadership shapes the formation of strategic mission and intent which influence successful strategic actions. These actions result in the formulation and implementation of these strategies which then yield strategic competitiveness and above average returns. For a leader to prepare the team’s minds towards one vision and direction, it is necessary to transform the team’s strategic direction. Directing the team towards the set goals, and having the ability to adapt concurrently ensures that the strategy delivers the aim that the leader wants (Yukl, 2010 p35). It is essential to have a different way of thought on how resources can be marshaled in the formulation and execution of the strategy in order to be successful. This balances strategy making’s human dimension with analytical perspectives tha t are focused. Coupled with time management commitments in engaging the team in dialogue on strategy, this strategy lays the foundation for building a foundation for creation of winning teams that define, adjust, commit, and adapt quickly to strategy. I learnt that in order to shape the strategic direction, I had to know what my primary role was as the chief strategist, my role as a leader during the strategy making process, the team required for the strategy making, and the point at which the making of the strategy can be considered finished. A leader requires to incorporate human and analytical dimensions, in order to create winning outcomes, and for the team to comprehend and commit to the set common agenda, and must also be clear about each member’s strategic capacity. Using feedback from the team members helps to provide a holistic view on the team’s and its individual member’s effectiveness. Ratings by the team members themselves and their peers can be use d to evaluate the efficiency of the team and the individual (Yukl, 2010 p35). The members rate the following personal traits and competencies: Communication which is the ability to objectively, supportively, and openly share opportunities using nonverbal and verbal behaviors while listening actively. Conflict resolution, which involves the

Case Overview (International business) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Case Overview (International business) - Essay Example To fight this inflationary fire, the central bank of Vietnam, the State bank of Vietnam has raised the key interest rates to 14%. This was the latest in a flurry of interest rate increases since February 2011. This interest rate increase is to be accompanied by usual anti-inflationary measures like tighter monetary policy and tighter control on credit. The government of Vietnam has also pledged to cut the burgeoning budget deficit and check the bleeding public sector enterprises of the country. The package introduced by the government to counter this inflation is known as Resolution 11. The Resolution 11 clearly states that the government seems determined to control inflation even at the cost of economic growth. At the meeting of the Asian Development Bank in Hanoi, Vietnam’s Minister for Planning and Investment conceded that because of the priority of the government to control inflation, the Vietnamese economy will fall short of its targeted growth rate of 7% to 7.5%. The private credit of Vietnam is a massive 120% of the GDP. This means that Vietnam is a sort of global record holder in credit creation. However, the saving grace is that bank deposits have kept pace with this record credit growth. Because of this high inflation, the dollarization and ‘goldisation’ of the economy have increased. Ordinary Vietnamese citizens are resorting to hedging against the inflation by keeping their reserves in dollars and gold instead of dong. What has helped this dollarization is the easy availability of dollars because of the large stock of it. In spite of the capital controls, the stock of dollars in Vietnam is high, because of the remittances sent by the large army of Vietnamese migrant workers working abroad .The banks of Vietnam also offer dollar deposits to the customers. To check the move to dollar deposits, the government has capped interests on dollar deposits to 3% against the very high interest rates of 14% on dong deposits. The country also has

Edward taylor and Metaphor Essay Example for Free

Edward taylor and Metaphor Essay The Beauty of Metaphor A Metaphor is defined as a grammatical device that â€Å"compares two different ideas by speaking of one in terms of the other. It asserts that one thing is another thing.† One of the best poets at using the metaphor is Edward Taylor, an intellectual New English Puritan. In his â€Å"Meditation One,† Taylor compares â€Å"God’s Matchless Love† to water, saying that it fills â€Å"Heaven to the Brim!† Then, in his â€Å"The Reflection,† Taylor says â€Å"Earth† was once a â€Å"Paradise of Heaven. † In both instances, Edward Taylor calls one thing something to help emphasize the message he is trying to portray, but ultimately, his metaphor in â€Å"Meditation One† is more effective as it reflects a greater idea. Edward Taylor’s use of metaphor in â€Å"Meditation One† and â€Å"The Reflection† shows how he used metaphors to compare an important topic in his poem to something more relatable, but his metaphor in â€Å"Meditation One† is more effective as it portrays a greater message. Edward Taylor’s use of Metaphor in â€Å"Meditation One† helps portray his message of Gods never ending love for us. In Line 7, Edward Taylor starts the sentence of by saying â€Å"Oh, Matchless Love!filling Heaven to the Brim!† Taylor compares the incomparable love of God to water, as he says it will fill heaven â€Å"to the brim.† By using the verb â€Å"filling,† the reader automatically thinks of something more relatable to his knowledge, water in context to a drink. When one pours water in, the water fills the cup. Ultimately, through his diction choice and use of metaphor, Taylor considers God’s love to be something that fills humanities’ needs. Since it can fill â€Å"Heaven,† it can fill our souls with a never ending joy. This is why Edward Taylor’s use of metaphor is so effective, it ulaitmely leads to a bigger, more important conclusion that can be easily derived through his relatable examples. This metaphor, in comparison to the one in â€Å"The Reflection†, is more effective as it plays a vital role in the establishment of a major theme in the poem. Edward Taylor’s use of metaphor in â€Å"The Reflection† helps portray his message that Earth was once a heavenly place until it was corrupted with sin. In Line 19, Edward Taylor starts the sentence off by saying â€Å"Earth once  was Paradise of Heaven Below.† 1Divine life, living and dead, whatever the case may be, existed on Earth at one period of time, until the corruptness of sin took over the Godly world. In this metaphor, Edward Taylor says that Earth once â€Å"was† a Paradise of Heaven Below, or, in other words, that Earth was once a Heavenly place. In this case, Taylor’s metaphor is much more simple, he calls one thing something else. The metaphor’s main puropose in this case is to call earth, in a past time, a Godly place, until the sinful nature of Adam and Eve led to the abolishment of Earth’s divineness Due to its simplistic nature, and the message that it emphasizes, this metaphor is not as effective as the previous me taphor. In conclusion, Edward Taylor uses metaphor to perfection.2 To think brillianty and to write brilliantly are two completely different things, and Edward Taylor does both. In both cases, Edward Taylor uses metaphor to call one thing something else. In â€Å"Meditation One,† He calls God’s love water, and in â€Å"The Reflection,† calls Earth a once Divine place. Ultimately, in â€Å"Meditation One,† his use of Metaphor is more effective because it conveys a more important message of God’s undeniable love for us.

Management and Leadership Essay -- essays research papers

Leadership and Management are two notions that are often used interchangeably. However, these words actually describe two different concepts. For this paper, I am going to try to discuss these differences and explain why both terms are thought to be similar. Leadership is just one of the many assets a successful manager must possess. Care must be taken in distinguishing between the two concepts. The main aim of a manager is to maximize the output of the organization through administrative implementation. To achieve this, managers must undertake the following functions:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Organization  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Planning  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Staffing  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Directing  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Controlling Leadership is just one important component of the directing function. A manager cannot just be a leader, he also needs formal authority to be effective. â€Å"For any quality initiative to take hold, senior management must be involved and act as a role model. This involvement cannot be delegated†(Predpall, 30).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In some circumstances, leadership is not required. For example, self-motivated groups may not require a single leader and may find leaders dominating. The fact that a leader is not always required proves that leadership is just an asset and is not essential.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Managers think incrementally, while leaders think radically. â€Å"Managers do things right,... Management and Leadership Essay -- essays research papers Leadership and Management are two notions that are often used interchangeably. However, these words actually describe two different concepts. For this paper, I am going to try to discuss these differences and explain why both terms are thought to be similar. Leadership is just one of the many assets a successful manager must possess. Care must be taken in distinguishing between the two concepts. The main aim of a manager is to maximize the output of the organization through administrative implementation. To achieve this, managers must undertake the following functions:  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Organization  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Planning  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Staffing  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Directing  ·Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Controlling Leadership is just one important component of the directing function. A manager cannot just be a leader, he also needs formal authority to be effective. â€Å"For any quality initiative to take hold, senior management must be involved and act as a role model. This involvement cannot be delegated†(Predpall, 30).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In some circumstances, leadership is not required. For example, self-motivated groups may not require a single leader and may find leaders dominating. The fact that a leader is not always required proves that leadership is just an asset and is not essential.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Managers think incrementally, while leaders think radically. â€Å"Managers do things right,...

The Media: Misinterpretation of reality

The media has a significant influence over the public since it was first established as an institution. Particularly the news media, media has had its influence in setting a nation’s agenda, focusing the attention of people to specified issues as well as shaping the public’s opinion are among the well documented influences rendered by the news media1. Aside from feeding the public information about public affairs, the media do best in its ability to dictate people which issues are supposed to be important. The media does this by placing emphasis on specific issues.In a more concrete setting, newspapers teach readers which issues are to be significantly regarded by placing stories in designated places. Top stories or cover stories are placed to be the most significant issues while other stories placed after it are simply rendered as less important or significant than the front page stories. Newspapers provide a multitude of cues about the salience of the topics in the da ily news rendered in the daily news. For the television scene, the emphases on which stories are supposed to be important are manifested in the length of time devoted to the news story.With the amount of power an institution as the media has, there is to question whether this power is taken advantage of. In the competitive world of news media, gaining readership is a tedious task. With issues on investment returns and the case for readership, there are arising doubts as to whether the news media really feeds people with the essential information or they manipulate the stories to able for readership and even capital gains. In this paper, we shall put focus on evidences that suggest that the news does not reflect reality but obscures it.A look at media sensationalizingOne of the evident manifestations of media’s tendency to obscure reality and true stories lies in its nature of sensationalizing2. This could be drawn from the 2004 elections. According to Mackin, the media experi enced quite frenzy in attempting to stay updated for the election3. Assessing the performance of the media, it did not quite fairly cover the elections well. The media has a tendency to focus on the scandal and personalities involved that it forgets to look and delve into the real issues. This is one of the manifestations that news could obscure true stories. The media has a tendency to just highlight parts of the story without being able to render other sides of the story which may give clearance and understanding to the issue.Essentially there are always more issues needed to be reported on, however, the media has its own biases when it comes to the coverage of a news event or issue. The media fundamentally has two types of biases3. The firs type of bias is when the media does not focus on the more important issues. The second is that the bias which is geared towards objectivity.Media is biased when it comes to veering away from the real issue in way that it does not clarify issue s as intensively as they should be. If accusations are directed, the media does not render to investigate more in the issue. The focus of the media is to present to the public the accusations made and the personalities involved. 2Joyce Milton, The Yellow Kids: Foreign correspondents in the heyday of yellow journalism, Harper & Row, New York, 1989. 3 Mackin, Meaghan, Media sensationalizing 2004 election, 2008.There are occasions where the root cause is not as heavily mentioned as they should. Media tends to sensationalize focusing more on the conflicts created rather than the causes. During the 2004 elections, the media were more focused in bringing the latest on polls, character and appearance of the candidates. They did not bring too much focus on the covering the issues which are supposed to be addressed during elections. The nature of the media to sensationalize issues adheres to the argument that news has a tendency to obscure reality than presenting it as it is. The media in th is case is driven to present issues highlighting on scandals and personalities.Although the institution is driven by the demand reflected upon the people, the essence of what a mass media should in the first place is lost. The media more than presenting the latest public affairs to the people should also be responsible in looking more and analyzing factors underlying the issues. As people demand for the latest headlines come the need to be rightfully informed as well. An individual not rightfully informed would be able to participate rightfully in with the issues at hand.Since the media is the venue where people gather information, the expectation ranges too high with the credibility and truthfulness of the news or information. However, certain cases prove that news portrayed by media were inappropriate to the specific setting it must be relayed. Being a powerful venue to generate feedback and to build opinion through information dissemination and education to the larger scope of th e population, news portrayed by media, in some cases unfortunately bears unfruitful information. Furthermore, news to some extent does not guarantee its veracity and reliability at all time. For instance, such circumstance in untruthful reporting is present to the portrayal of Western mass media to Africa.Being the cradle of human kind, it appeared to achieve its negative height due to news about savagery the people were engaged into. These consequently gave the continent a face which every people worldwide mocked off and defamed. Depicted as â€Å"Dark Continent†, Western people are encouraged to think that nothing good will ever emerged in its soil. Many in the West bought this negative impression due to the misdealing of reportage to the continent and to the African people.According to Iyinbo4, the Western reportage is always directed to the portrayal of Africa as having a single entity discouraging the heterogeneity of tribes and cultures enriching the continent. For inst ance, the depiction of AIDS epidemic (Southern and Eastern Africa); wars, drought and starvation (Central and Eastern Africa); oil disasters (Niger-Delta, Nigeria); Muslim extremist (the North and Horn of Africa); bombings in Kenya and Tanzania (East Africa); â€Å"The Great Migration† (Kenya) all boil down to a continental issue disregarding the specificity of them to different parts of Africa.Although mass media impacts greatly in resolving crises happening in the continent, more issues were put into wrong perspective which apparently discouraged more problem-solving strategies. Under the current dispensation, the consequences of their [mass media] misrepresentation of Africa and Africans are dire: belittling the people, undermining their accomplishments, destroying their self-esteem and heritage. It does also, albeit inadvertently, provide â€Å"arms† to bigots (on all sides). It does not augur well to incense the situation with mis- and disinformation all in the na me of profits or ratings5.4 Iyinbo, O., Misrepresentation of Africans and the role of Western media. The Informed Constituent, 2007.5 Iyinbo, O., 2007.News and Reality 5Moreover, the present connotation to mass media especially in news reporting becomes increasingly negative since many media stations offer only entertainment and gives biased and untruthful news6 (Loud, 2006). This trend defeat the purpose of new reporting as it veers away to the responsible information gathering, interpreting and disseminating. The conflict arises when the most popular news stations claim that they are unbiased and are often times not. As a defence, they tend to reason-out that unbiased reporting is near impossible.Another problem with the news reporting practiced nowadays falls grimly to the misinterpretation of facts by news reporter and personnel. There are some intentional misinterpretations committed by news reporters for the purpose mainly of reporting safe and evading conflict regarding a spe cified issue. This can be best explained on the case of reporting about the pressing and present condition about Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS).Considering the belaboured scientific research of researchers and scientist to credence AIDS more detailed including its various symptoms and realities, media conveyance tend to discourage such intents. As it is presented and described in a subtle manner, the portrayal of its real grim is avoided to be known by the mass populace.In 2007, a Kaiser survey returned results that showed a mere 15 percent of those polled were personally concerned with becoming HIV positive (a 9 percent drop since 1997). Where once men and women considered AIDS a reputable and serious risk, they now consider the threat to be outside of their realm. This major shift in the perception of the AIDS threat, as many academicians worried, will only exacerbate the problem.6Loud, C., What's Wrong with the Media?, 2006.News and Reality 6It can be argued that this change in perception is directly related to scientific advances in the field. AIDS previously was considered to be a death warrant for anyone who managed to contract HIV in one way or another.However, it is also arguable to say that this change of perceptions is the consequence of the recent depictions of HIV/AIDS in mass media. Media tend to reinforce the idea that the disease can be beaten and would not kill those who contract it. This misinterpreted depiction given the risk and seriousness of incurable HIV/AIDS was manifested in the hit play Angels in America.Although it was turned into an HBO mini-series which was highly-acclaimed, the subject matter greatly failed to educate and inform many on HIV or AIDS. Its timeliness magnificently hit American popular culture in telling accurately the history of AIDS it did not instil any sense of education to the viewer since it only dealt with the idea that   Instead, it human will battle anything—even the physical.Another examp le of romanticized strategy to attack AIDS is when portrayal o the disease came with a major Broadway blockbuster entitled RENT. It only portrayed Bohemian New Yorker in 1980’s that having the expense of AZT (a popular drug which fights HIV’s attack on the body) can make the victim manageable to sing without a sense of real urgency or impending doom. Although it portrayed during the time that AIDS is incurable, the viewers were left with the same massage of hope that the disease played no urgent risk to the populace.   The reality of the disease is downplayed despite it almost being a character unto itself in the film.The more recently examples can be seen in a few commercials and ad campaigns made such resurgence of interest in the AIDS charity. In contextual American popular culture,  throwing a celebrity fighting against AIDS through charity in the news is presumed to be the very best solution to counter AIDS.Even grander campaign bearing the slogan â€Å"If on e of us has AIDS, all of us have it.† or popularly known as the â€Å"We all have AIDS campaign.† gave only an appealing look to the impending death disease. The memorable yet ineffective way of the campaign is viewing the action in a bold statement composed largely of celebrities, politicians and religious leaders.Essential to consider is the fact that AIDS’s portrayal to mass media only resulted to the exploitation of celebrity and commodification of the disease. The misleading market tool manages to earn through the portrayal without the benefit of necessarily spreading awareness or education. Instead of placing a knowledgeable person who is living with the disease in front of the camera, marketers commodify the disease to earn fame and eventually to establish a profitable market. This consequently appeals only to the public to give donation to a random charity disregarding the idea of better information about their own risks or how to protect themselves.Even more blatant commodification is the creation of special garments and gadgets by organized charities/companies just to take the opportunity of selling them while some profit will go to an AIDS charity. Based in the United States, this massive campaign makes the money exclusively reserved for African AIDS causes which shifted the public perception by implying subconsciously that HIV/AIDS is no longer an issue in the US.Since people cited that television is their most immediate and important source for information concerning AIDS (Research Unit for Health and Behavioural Change), a deeper analysis of media messages is important in understanding the sociological impact of AIDS and  advertising as a means of educating. However, AIDS portrayals in advertisements are always misconstrued which leaves the people pretty sitting. It is also pointed out that the bulk of HIV/AIDS advertisements are vague, confusing, prejudiced and manage to perpetuate many misconceptions about AIDS that have t he potential to spread the disease even further. It is due to this lack of true representation that the true cultural meaning of AIDS is pushed out of sight, causing vital health education messages to get lost or become misconstrued in the process.According to Jenny Kitzinger’s work titled â€Å"Audience understandings of AIDS media messages: a discussion of methods†, that the meanings of media messages do not merely lie in just the content of the messages but more likely in the readings different audiences bring to the metaphorical discussion. It is therefore argued that such messages are read based on social context and personal experience.To compensate this shift of public perception regarding the cultural importance of HIV/AIDS, we must change the way it is represented in the media by pointing out that AIDS is much serious than twitchy comedians and house hold celebrity names.References:Joyce Milton, The Yellow Kids: Foreign correspondents in the heyday of yellow j ournalism, Harper ; Row, New York, 1989.Loud, C., What's Wrong with the Media?, 2006, Retrieved 20 April, 2008, .

Social Networks: Advantages and Disadvantages

Social Network Sites: Advantages and Disadvantages I. Introduction a. Attention Getter: Imagine being stripped of your privileges to have access to social network sites such as facebook, twitter, myspace, and/or instagram†¦How would you reach out to family and friends you don’t get a chance to communicate with often? b. Name: Hello my name is Kenyatta Stephens c. Topic: Social Network Sites: Advantages and Disadvantages (SLIDE) d.Relevance: Social network sites are sites that majority of us, if not all of us, engage in on a daily basis – â€Å"According to the 2012 Statistic Brain Research Institute, members located in The United States use social network sites approximately 7. 8 hours per month. † www. statisticbrain. com e. Credibility: Personal Experience & Research f. Preview Statement: Today I will be informing you all about what social network sites (SNSs) are, their advantages and their disadvantages. g. Transition Statement: First, I would like to ta lk to you about what social network sites are and a few statistics.II. What are social network sites (SNSs)? h. Define – (SLIDE) – â€Å"SNSs are web-based services that allow individuals to (1) construct a public or semi-public profile within a bounded system, (2) articulate a list of other users with whom they share a connection, and (3) view and traverse their list of connections and those made by others within the system. † Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 2007. www. Onlinelibrary. wiley. com i. – â€Å"According to the Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, the first recognizable social network site was launched in 1997. † www. Onlinelibrary. wiley. om j. (SLIDE) – Different social network sites i. SixDegress ii. Classmates iii. Ryze iv. Tribe v. Myspace vi. Facebook vii. Instagram viii. Twitter k. (SLIDE) – Social Networking Statistics ix. Billions of users worldwide x. 98% of users are between the ages of 18-24 xi. The United States is among the top ten countries most engaged in social networking with an average of 7. 8 hours per month. Internal Summary: Now that I have defined SNSs and I have briefly discussed the different sites and statistics, I will tell you about the advantages that come along with SNSs. III. Advantages – (SLIDE) . Keep in touch with friends, classmates, and relatives m. Send/receive messages and upload/share photos and videos n. Not bound by any geographical and cultural differences o. Build a network of contacts and interact with a lot of people p. Promote business, services, products, and parties Internal Summary: Now that I have discussed some of the advantages of SNSs, I want to inform you about the disadvantages. IV. Disadvantages – (SLIDE) q. High rate of scams/fraud r. People waste valuable time s. Online harassment t. Personal secrets/information become public u.Employers and Government Agencies access Transition Statement: Now that I have told you what Social Network Sites are, their advantages, and their disadvantages, I would like to conclude my speech with a word of advice. V. Conclusion – (SLIDE) v. Be aware of the information you put out on any social network site. w. My take away – Using a bit of concern with your profiles in social media networks can help you in your personal and professional life. Sharing experiences and communicating with others has never been a crime, but it would be wise to think about the consequences of your action.

The Top 10 Reasons to Consider a Career in Data Science

The Top 10 Reasons to Consider a Career in Data Science â€Å"Data scientist† seems to be the IT job of the moment. But how much of what you’ve heard is hype and conjecture, and how much of it is based on facts?   Usually, when something sounds too good to be true, it probably is. However, the demand for data science is taking the world by storm, and companies – large and small – are clamoring to find employees who can understand and synthesize data, and then communicate these findings in a way that proves beneficial to the company. Below are the top 10 reasons to consider pursuing a career in Data Science. #1 The Job Outlook Don’t expect this bubble to burst anytime soon. According to a report by McKinsey Company, by 2018, the U.S. will have anywhere from 140,000 to 180,000 fewer data scientists than it needs. And the shortage of data science managers is even greater. Roughly 1.5 million data decision-making managers will be needed by 2018. At some point, the frenetic pace at which employers pursue data scientists will slow down, but it won’t happen anytime soon. #2 The Salaries According to an O’Reilly data science salary survey, the annual base salary of U.S.-based survey respondents was $104,000. Robert Half’s tech guide places the range between $109,000 and $153,750. And in the Burtch Works data science salary survey, the median base salary ranges from $97,000 for Level 1 contributors to $152,000 for Level 3 contributors. In addition, median bonuses start at $10,000 for Level 1 contributors. As a point of comparison, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) reports that lawyers earn a median annual wage of $115,820.   Ã‚   #3 The Management Salaries    Data science managers can earn almost as much – and sometimes more – than doctors. Burtch Works reveals that Level 1 managers earn a median annual base salary of $140,000. Level 2 managers make $190,000, and Level 3 Managers earn $250,000.   And that puts them in pretty good company. According to the BLS, pediatricians, psychiatrists, and internal medicine doctors earn a median annual wage between $226,408 and $245,673. So without years of med school, residencies, and medical debt, you might earn more than the person who holds your life in his/her hands on the operating table. Cool. Scary, but cool.   Ã‚   And when you factor in median annual bonuses, data science managers out-earn many surgeons. Median annual bonuses for Level 1, 2 and 3 managers are $15,000; $39,900; and $80,000, respectively. #4 The Work Options    When you become a data scientist, you can work practically anywhere your heart desires. While 43% of these professionals work on the West Coast, and 28% are in the Northeast, they’re being employed in every region in the country – and abroad. However, you might be interested in knowing that the highest salaries in the U.S. are on the West Coast. And you’re probably not surprised that the technology industry employs the most data scientists, but they also work in other industries ranging from healthcare/pharma to marketing and financial services to consulting firms to retail and CPG industries. In fact, data scientists even work for gaming industries, and 1% work for the government. #5 The Sex Appeal    The prestigious Harvard Business Review hailed data scientist as the sexiest job of the 21st Century. How on earth is that possible? Are data scientists suggestively dangling the data in front of their employers? Are they whispering sweet algorithms in their employer’s ear? No (at least I don’t think so), but some of them work with cool startups, and also mammoth companies like Google, LinkedIn, FaceBook, Amazon, and Twitter. In essence, their sex appeal lies in the fact that everyone wants them, but they’re hard to acquire. #6 The Experience Factor â€Å"Experience† is probably one of the most common words found in a job description, and frankly, companies usually want employees with a ton of it. However, data science is such a relatively new field that Burtch Works reports 40% of data scientists have less than 5 years of experience, and 69% have less than 10 years of experience. So scroll back up to Reason #2: Salaries to match up the wages with the experience levels. Level 1 individual contributors typically have 0-3 years of experience. Level 2 individual contributors usually have 4 to 8 years of experience, and level 3 individual contributors have 9 years of experience.   #7 The Variety of Undergraduate Majors Since data science is such a new major, many colleges are scrambling to create undergraduate degree programs. In the meantime, data scientists hail from an assortment of academic backgrounds, including mathematics/statistics, computer science, engineering, and natural science. Also, some data scientists have degrees in economics, social science, business, and even medical science. #8 The Variety of Education Options If you pursue an online Master’s Degree in Data Science, you don’t have to sit in a classroom all day. You can take courses online from anywhere in the world, with the luxury of studying at your own pace.    #9 The Lack of Competition Not only is there a shortage of data scientists, but professionals in other fields don’t necessarily want to step up to the plate. According to a recent joint report by Robert Half and the  Institute of Management Accountants, employers are looking for accounting and finance candidates who can mine and extract data, identify key data trends, and are adept at statistical modeling and data analysis. But the report reveals that most accounting and finance candidates don’t have any of these skills – in fact, many colleges don’t even teach this level of analytics to students majoring in a financial discipline. #10 The Ease of Job Hunting Because data scientists are in such high demand and the supply is so limited, organizations have recruiters solely dedicated to finding these professionals. While candidates in other fields are harassing recruiters and pestering hiring managers, as a data scientist, you merely need to let it be known that you’re looking for a job . . . or maybe, you’re just thinking about looking for a job. In fact, the need is so dire that even if you already have a job, recruiters will try to lure you away with a better compensation/benefits package. Let the bidding begin.

An Annotated Bibliography Essay Example for Free

An Annotated Bibliography Essay Chin, Jean Lau. (2004). The Psychology of Prejudice and Discrimination. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group This book discusses the effects of prejudice and discrimination on the psyche and one’s participation in society as a whole. The relevant section in this book discusses the unique plight of gay or bisexual black men that have to contend with homophobia as well as racism. Of special note is the section in which sexual orientation often has a negative effect on the career development of many gay black men. This is an interesting resource since most of the material on the subject does not address the secondary sub-category of sexual orientation (Chin, 2004). Daniels, C. (2004). Black Power Inc. : The New Voice of Success. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons C. Daniel’s Black Power Inc. is a book of medium length that explores the phenomenon of black people placing a growing emphasis on economic rather than political power. The book is geared toward young to middle-aged black professional men and women, who are Working While Black (WWB). C. Daniels writes for Fortune magazine with an extensive history in writing about the social dynamics inherent in big business—especially as it relates to the unique issues black men and women face in the corporate world (Daniels, 2004). Davis, G. & Watson, G. (1982). Black Life in Corporate America: Swimming in the Mainstream. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press Although written twenty-seven years ago, this account by Davis & Watson (1982) is still relevant in chronicling the early stages of Black integration into corporate American life. The book describes the upstream struggles of educated black professionals as they attempt to make a living commensurate with their skills. While also observing the lesser tolerance of open bigotry in the workplace, certain â€Å"jokes† and comments are often alienating to black men (Davis & Watson, 1982). Gates, Henry Louis. America behind the Color Line. New York: Warner Books, 2004 This book contains interviews from several powerful African-American men including Russell Simmons, Quincy Jones, Vernon Jordan, Colin Powell and Morgan Freeman. Written by Henry Louis Gates, Jr. , one of the premier scholars of African-American studies today. This book shows the diversity of successful Black men from the corporate and political arenas to the performing arts and community activism, and discusses triumphs and challenges. A very good read for anyone studying black achievement (Gates, 2004). Livers, A. & Caver, K. A. (2002). Leading in Black and White: Working across the Racial Divide in Corporate America. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons This book by Livers & Caver (2002) describes the challenges faced by Blacks who occupy a higher level on the corporate ladder (i. e. managerial positions). They challenge the popular assumption that black leaders have the same issues as white leaders, and underscore the problems of trust many black men have with their white colleagues because of lack of common experiences. This book was intended for black managers that need help in continuing to navigate the system (Livers & Carver, 2002). Merida, K. (2007). Being a Black Man: At the Corner of Progress and Peril. Washington: Public Affairs This is a collection of essays about the personal and professional struggles of black men in America. Many points of view deal with identity intersections of different roles—husband, father, employee, and businessman—as well as dreams and ambitions. This book generated a great deal of interest in the reading public as it offers a personal glimpse of the realities of black life. K. Merida is a reporter for the Washington Post, and was thus able to use his credentials to find many contributors to this volume (Merida, 2007). Van Horne, W. A. (2007). The Concept of Black Power: Its Continued Relevance. Journal of Black Studies, 37(3), 365-389 This is a study of the growth of Black Power in America as the middle-class grows slowly and quietly. Even though over time, black people have gained more civil rights in America, there is still a significant lag between them and the white majority. However, W. A. Van Horne notes that the black underclass often overshadows the slow, but inexorable growth of the black middle class. He also raises questions of whether the black power movement is still relevant (Van Horne, 2007). An Annotated Bibliography. (2016, Aug 04).